underwater photography

Return to Little Cayman

I recently returned to Little Cayman on a trip with my home-base dive shop, Atlantis Aquatics. Little Cayman is one of my favorite dive destinations and truly is a showcase of the Caribbean’s greatest hits: sea turtles, groupers, stingrays, nurse sharks, and reef sharks are common sightings, as are smaller critters like spotted drums, sea slugs, “disco” fish, and cleaner shrimp. 

Most people who visit the Cayman Islands stay in Grand Cayman, the largest and most commercialized of the three islands. Just eighty miles east of Grand are the sleepier sister islands of Little Cayman, and 15 miles further, Cayman Brac. They are remote and undeveloped: no corporate hotel chains, Starbucks, or movie theaters here. These destinations are for people who want to scuba dive, fish, or just disconnect. 

Flying to Little Cayman reminds me of travel in the Alaskan bush or the Costa Rican rainforest - small props landing on remote airstrips

Visitors arrive in Little Cayman on a deHavilland Twin Otter— a dual-engine, 18-seat, propeller plane — that departs Grand Cayman and lands thirty minutes later on a tiny airstrip nestled between mangroves and natural coastline. One narrow ring road traces the circumference of the island — you could drive it potentially without seeing any other vehicle traffic. 

For this trip I opted to keep the photography kit relatively simple with a one lens wide-angle setup only: my Canon EF 16-35mm F/4L IS lens on a Canon R5 body. I took it underwater in a Nauticam housing with two Sea & Sea strobes. (All of my gear, incidentally, is purchased at Backscatter — and they have presence teaching underwater photography courses at the dive resort where I stayed on Little Cayman.) Although there is plenty of macro life to see in Little Cayman, I find that diving with a group of divers following a dive guide means we don’t spend much time in any given spot, which makes macro photography difficult. Going with a group of other photographers (or diving with only your buddy) is a much better arrangement for macro photography. (Want to learn more about wide-angle vs. macro photography? Check out this video)

One of my goals on this trip was to seek strong subject separation. I have many photos of turtles and barracuda blending into the reef, so on this trip I was hoping to make them “pop” more distinctly in my images. Too often turtles photographed against a reef are overtaken by the busy background, almost camouflaged into the complex array of corals.

A hawksbill turtle flies over the reef. I like this image because there is subject separation so the turtle really stands out. It also clearly shows action and movement. 

A great barracuda displays its menacing teeth. Once again, there is good subject separation so it does not blend into the reef. This was shot on the edge of one the of many coral fingers 

To achieve subject separation on the reef, the photographer must be lower than the subject and must approach at an upward angle — not easy to do without trampling on the fragile corals, which is of course absolutely forbidden. The trick to this type of shot is to look for subjects near the edge of a slope, coral head, or wall where you can easily dive lower than your subject without touching the reef. 

Another goal was to visit a well-known shipwreck in Cayman Brac. On my last visit to Little Cayman this wasn’t an option, so I was excited when the captain proposed a trip (weather permitting) out to the Brac to dive this wreck. Transit time was about 50 minutes in moderately choppy seas, but the bouncy ride was well worth it. The M/V Keith Tibbets, formerly a Soviet destroyer built for Cuba, rests in clear water on beautiful reflective sand. The shipwreck is extremely photogenic, with its forward turrets clearly visible. It is about 90 feet down to the sand, but divers who don’t want to go deep can explore the shallower starboard side at about 60 feet.  

The M/V Keith Tibbets, formerly a Soviet destroyer built for Cuba, was a highlight of this dive trip

One topic of debate in diving is whether it is permissible to kneel in the sand. Some dive operators allow it as long as it is done with care; others do not permit it and ask divers to remain buoyant above the bottom. On this trip we were asked not to kneel on the bottom so stingray shots were a bit more challenging, but not prohibitively so.

This was my favorite stingray encounter. It’s fairly common to see rays gliding across the sand, or buried on the bottom, I caught this ray in the process of swirling up the sand and digging itself in. 

We had several stingray encounters, and it is remarkable that each ray had its own personality. One was feisty and irritated, more so by the bar jack that was tracing its every movement than any encounters with us. Another was skittish and seemed to take off whenever we got too close. And then there were two others who were very tolerant of our presence, posing in the sand unencumbered even as a group of three of us approached with our cameras. It truly is a pleasure when a subject is cooperative, and it’s no surprise that the best images are achieved when the animal is calm and unbothered by our interactions. 

“Schoolmasters’ Tower” is my favorite image from this trip. Here schoolmaster snapper (Lutjanus apodus) rest in the lee of a coral head. If you look closely you can spot a Bermuda Chub and a squirrelfish tucked in among the snapper.

This is really a snapshot split, meant to document the experience of getting back on the boat. Divers are privileged to see a completely different world underneath the surface

With the exception of south Florida, I rarely revisit dive locations within 5 years — there’s always somewhere new or different to explore before recycling old favorites. Little Cayman is an exception, and will continue to be owing to its reliability as an outstanding Caribbean dive destination. See you again soon!


If you are interested in learning about underwater photography, or experiencing some close-up behind-the-scenes encounters with sharks, dolphins, crocodiles, check out my YouTube channel.

Galápagos Recap

Six years in the making (and postponed by a global pandemic), my trip to the world famous Galápagos Islands finally arrived in 2023. Galápagos is a rare opportunity for a variety of underwater and topside wildlife photography, including endemic species and uniquely famous animals. For underwater photography I shot entirely with a Canon R5 mirrorless body with the EF 16-35mm F/4L IS wide angle lens. The EF F/4L IS is an outstanding lens, even nearly 10 years after its introduction: tack sharpness, minimal distortion, and beautiful detail. A Nauticam housing and two Sea & Sea strobes complete the underwater rig. Topside photography included birds, reptiles, and pinnipeds, so I needed a versatile telephoto lens: the EF 100-400 f/4.5-5.6L IS II, which remains my favorite telephoto zoom lens. Though not the fastest performing glass, it is exquisitely sharp throughout its focal range and is a great hand-held lens for general daytime wildlife photography.

Wolf and Darwin Islands (blue circle) are the primary dive locations and even more remote than the rest of the Galápagos Islands. The main airport is centrally located but still a 16-hour boat ride from the dive sites.

The journey begins with a redeye from New York to Ecuador’s high-elevation capital, Quito, with a connection to Avianca’s flight to Baltra Island, 600 miles off the coast of the mainland. In Baltra I jump on a small inflatable tender (aka “panga” in Latin America) that brings me to the Humboldt Explorer, the live-aboard dive yacht that will become home for the next week. 

One of the unique features of Galápagos is its remoteness and difficulty to visit. Wolf and Darwin Islands, where we will do most of our diving, are uninhabited (by people), undeveloped and significantly distant from our arrival port in Baltra: a sixteen-hour overnight crossing reveals the first glimpse of Wolf on the morning horizon. A towering bluff overlooking the mighty Pacific, Wolf Island truly is a wild place where nature is free and the ocean is powerful. 

The Galápagos Shark is a large requiem shark that looks similar to other members of this family: it skews larger than reef sharks and has a leaner build than bull sharks. Despite its name the shark is found in many parts of the world, typically off tropical oceanic islands.

Pelagic diving is not for beginners. Unlike tropical reef diving, open ocean diving is more intense and demands a higher task load, especially when diving with a large camera. Conditions are dynamic and things can escalate quickly. All of our dives require transferring from the mother ship to the panga, which whisks us away in choppy seas toward the drop-off point. At the dive guide’s instruction (“on the count of three”), all divers back-roll into the water (i.e. fall backward off the side of the inflatable). It’s critically important to time this correctly so that all divers splash into the water at the same time, otherwise we could land on top of each other with heavy aluminum air tanks. Once in the water, the currents begin to pull, so we descend quickly and land together as a group at the dive site, usually a rocky outcrop about 70-80 feet deep. Again, time is of the essence, and we don’t have the luxury to drop slowly or to explore as we would on a calm tropical reef. We must get to the meeting point with the group, otherwise the current could pull us away.*

The blue-footed booby, one of Galápagos’s famous sea birds

With brisk currents and strong surge, the cloudy, nutrient-rich water is thick and heavy. Distant hammerheads patrol the deep open blue. Like many sharks they know how to remain just on the edge of visibility, at times making you question whether what you saw was an illusion. I can hear the squeaky chatter of dolphins communicating. They will make several appearances but move too quickly for a good photo. Schools of fish dance in the current. Behind me a large Galápagos shark has made a close pass near the ledge. 

My favorite encounter, and ultimately my one portfolio shot from this trip, is quite unexpected. As we conclude a dive near Wolf Island we encounter playful sea lions in the shallows. We quickly shed our dive gear and grab our snorkels for a closer look at these majestic pinnipeds. And how lucky we are! In what seems like a ballet performed exclusively for us, the sea lions put on an amazing display of agility and grace: bobbing, gliding, and spinning. I notice a sea lion swimming toward me so I remain motionless and prepare to fire off a few shots — in a split second the sea lion flips over and exhales a burst of bubbles, then cuts left and down into the deep. 

Although the philosophy in Galápagos is that you “never know what you will see”, on these dives we engage our peripheral vision, looking for that unmistakeable giant shadow to emerge from the darkness. We are planted on the rocky outcrop, observing the sea life in the current almost to the point of boredom. Then, with a shaking rattle, the dive guide musters the group and directs us into the open blue. The group does not see it yet, but we know from the guide’s excitement that this is something big. And then it appears, first as a lumbering blot of distant ink, moving darkness, eventually coming into spectacular view.

Perhaps the most unforgettable part of encountering a whale shark is feeling the volume of water that is displaced as the school-bus-sized fish swims past you

The author meeting a very large whale shark

I am very fortunate to have seen whale sharks several times in three different oceans, and it is not lost on me that many divers will spend a lifetime seeking these elusive giants. This whale shark is enormous (possibly pregnant), and with effortless sweeping of her caudal fin, it is almost impossible to keep up with her.

In addition to multiple dives in Wolf and Darwin Islands, we spent two afternoons observing wildlife on land: on North Seymour and Santa Cruz Islands. North Seymour was extremely productive, including encounters with the famous blue-footed boobies, frigates, as well as the Galápagos land iguana. Later as we hiked toward a field of boulders on the shoreline, we observed sea lions (mother and pup) and the Galapagos marine iguana. On Santa Cruz, we capped off the trip with an expedition up to the lush highlands to meet perhaps the islands’ most famous ambassador: the giant tortoise. On all the land tours my 100-400mm telephoto was perfect for close-up detail shots and the variable microclimates meant I didn’t have to wait long for favorable light conditions. 

For wildlife enthusiasts and avid divers, Galápagos is among the ultimate destinations. I hesitate to say once-in-a-lifetime because I hope to return… 

The real inspiration for Godzilla. Despite its fearsome appearance, the Galápagos marine iguana is a shy herbivore. 

No trip to Galápagos is complete without seeing its most famous ambassador: the giant tortoise


*Some ask: what would happen if someone missed the dive meeting point and drifted in the current? Hopefully there would be more than one person, as you should always stick with your dive buddy. Whether in a group or alone, if someone was adrift, the proper thing to do would be to ascend slowly and send up a surface marker buoy (essentially a long inflatable brightly colored tube about 6 feet tall — I have one as part of my standard gear for every ocean dive). The panga driver would be in the area would likely see the marker to come pick up the lost diver. We also had other protocols in case of emergency including a GPS beacon locator. Thankfully no one separated from the group. 

Crocodile Photo Expedition

The latest video and second in the Extreme Snorkel Series is live on YouTube. Our first extreme snorkel adventure was a spirited swim with Atlantic spotted dolphins, but this time we turn up the heat and get into the water with the American Crocodile! We’ll travel to a remote atoll off the Yucatan peninsula and spend three days living in a stilt house with no electricity or running water. Dozens of hungry crocs live in the surrounding mangroves and we’ll get within inches of those famous teeth. Join me in this thrilling adventure, and don’t tell your insurance broker! Click the image below or go directly from here.

At least one of us was smiling

Dolphin Photography

One of the common myths that I like to dispel in my role as a diving evangelist (yes, I preach to anyone who will listen, and many who won’t) is that there aren’t many opportunities for snorkelers to have amazing underwater encounters and photo opportunities. People typically limit their perception of snorkeling to a lazy glide over a tropical reef, but there’s so much more… In the first of the Extreme Snorkel Series, we travel to the Bahamas to share the ocean with the fast and playful Atlantic Spotted Dolphin. This is no gentle swim — the dolphins give us quite a workout as they interact with us and easily out-swim even the fittest of freedivers. Check out my tips and recommendations for dolphin photography in this episode.

And one more thing: although these awesome dolphin encounters are condensed into a fun 6-minute video, this was not an easy expedition. Photographing animals in the wild is nothing like going to an aquarium with guaranteed close-up sightings on demand. It took two visits to the Bahamas to obtain these images — the first time we got completely skunked due to high winds and choppy seas. I vowed to return a few months later and while we did get out to sea, one of the two days was nearly called off again due to winds. In any case, many photographers only showcase their successes, but behind every portfolio shot are numerous failures due to logistics, weather, bad lighting, or human error. No one likes going home empty handed with greater wisdom. We shouldn’t dwell on the negative, but we should acknowledge the difficulty, learn from mistakes, and savor the triumphs. So grab your sunscreen and let’s meet some wild dolphins!

The Graveyard of the Atlantic

We’re going back into the water in the latest episode, this time to explore what lurks in the ‘Graveyard of the Atlantic’ off the coast of North Carolina. We’ll photograph a true ghost of war: one of Hitler’s infamous U-boats that went down with over a dozen men still inside. We’ll also have intimate encounters with the sharks that patrol these shipwrecks and we’ll bring home some of their fallen teeth. (And this time no sharks attempted to eat my camera.) Join me 100 feet below to see what lies at the bottom of the ocean. 

This video was a challenge to put together because of the low light levels during these deep dives. All of the underwater footage was filmed on GoPro cameras using natural light which meant really pushing the capabilities of the cameras. Nonetheless, the experience of the dives and the photos themselves come across, so forgive the grainy footage and enjoy the adventure.

Most of the footage was filmed in July 2020 during the coronavirus pandemic. While diving was affected by some of the anxieties felt everywhere, with necessary precautions implemented, it was an amazing return to normalcy the second everyone hit the water. Below the surface, everything was exactly as it had always been: no hand sanitizer, social distancing, or worries about illness. It was a welcome glimpse of the past and the future during a very difficult and unusual present. 

Lots more underwater content here if you want to see more sharks, mantas, turtles, and reefs.

The U-352, one of Hitler’s infamous U-boats in the Second World War. The submarine was sunk after firing a torpedo at — and missing — the US Coast Guard Cutter Icarus. Not the most photogenic wreck I’ve visited, but easily the most meaningful.

The U-352, one of Hitler’s infamous U-boats in the Second World War. The submarine was sunk after firing a torpedo at — and missing — the US Coast Guard Cutter Icarus. Not the most photogenic wreck I’ve visited, but easily the most meaningful.

A sand tiger shark cruising inside the wreck of the USS Aeolus. Despite their fearsome appearance, sand tigers are laid back and tolerant of divers. This one swam just a couple feet in front of me and posed for a photo.

A sand tiger shark cruising inside the wreck of the USS Aeolus. Despite their fearsome appearance, sand tigers are laid back and tolerant of divers. This one swam just a couple feet in front of me and posed for a photo.

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